Five years after COVID, a new respiratory surge in China affecting children and the elderly

There has been significant online chatter, particularly on platforms like X (formerly Twitter), about a “new epidemic” in China. Some posts suggest that hospitals are overwhelmed, crematoriums are packed, and various viruses, including Influenza A, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, and a mysterious virus called HMPV (Human Metapneumovirus), are contributing to the situation. Some even claim China is downplaying the severity of the outbreak. However, before jumping to conclusions, let’s take a closer look at the facts.

While there has been an uptick in respiratory illnesses in China, neither the Chinese government nor the World Health Organization (WHO) has issued any formal alerts or declared a state of emergency. So, despite the viral rumors, there is no new pandemic on the horizon—at least not yet.

What’s happening in China?

The surge in cases is primarily affecting children and older adults. Young children, whose immune systems are still developing, are especially vulnerable, while the elderly and individuals with pre-existing conditions like asthma or COPD are at a higher risk of severe complications. Symptoms are similar to the flu or a cold—fever, cough, runny nose, and sometimes wheezing. In some cases, these symptoms can progress into more serious conditions such as bronchitis or pneumonia.

Experts suggest that the rise in respiratory cases, including hMPV, is largely due to colder weather and the resumption of regular life after COVID. Strict lockdowns and limited social interaction in recent years have kept many viruses at bay, leaving individuals, especially children, with less exposure to everyday pathogens. Now that social interactions have returned to normal, there’s a “catch-up” period, with children and vulnerable adults being the most affected.

Is this truly an epidemic?

Now, let’s address the online rumors. Some posts have shown crowded hospitals, with claims that China is facing a “new virus outbreak.” However, there is no credible evidence to support these claims. Both the Chinese health authorities and WHO have not confirmed any official health crisis.

While the flu and hMPV are contributing to the increase in respiratory illnesses, influenza A remains the leading cause this winter. Yes, there are more cases of hMPV, but it is still considered a localized issue, and there’s no indication it is on the brink of becoming a pandemic. It’s also important to note that hMPV is not a new virus—it was first identified in 2001 and typically causes seasonal outbreaks.

Although hMPV tends to impact children and the elderly more severely, it can affect anyone, especially those with weakened immune systems or chronic respiratory conditions. The virus spreads through droplets released when an infected person coughs or sneezes, so crowded places pose higher risks for transmission.

For now, the best prevention methods remain the same: practice good hygiene (wash hands, wear masks in crowded places, and maintain social distancing when possible). If you’re feeling unwell, it’s important to stay home and rest, especially if you have conditions like asthma, COPD, or other respiratory issues.

In conclusion, while respiratory illnesses, including hMPV, are rising and affecting vulnerable groups like children and the elderly, it’s part of a typical seasonal spike, especially following COVID. There is no evidence supporting claims of overwhelmed hospitals, and the situation remains manageable with simple precautions like handwashing, mask-wearing, and staying home when sick. There’s no need to panic—just stay informed and take care of yourself.