After cases of Human Metapneumovirus (HMPV) were reported in Karnataka, Gujarat, and Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra has now confirmed two new infections in Nagpur. The new cases involve a seven-year-old and a 13-year-old, increasing the total count of cases in India to seven. Previously, the virus had only been detected in infants.
Initially suspected to be H1N1 (swine flu), the two children tested positive for HMPV following confirmation through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests.
In response to the rising number of respiratory illnesses, Union Health Secretary Apurva Chandra reviewed the current situation, emphasizing the country’s preparedness for potential health challenges. Union Health Minister J.P. Nadda assured that India’s surveillance network remains alert to address any emerging health threats.
On the same day, Union Health Secretary Punya Salila Srivastava chaired a virtual meeting with States/UTs to assess the situation in light of media reports about a surge in HMPV cases in China. The health ministry discussed public health measures to manage the virus. HMPV, a respiratory virus that can affect people of all ages, typically causes mild and self-limiting illnesses, with most cases resolving on their own. Diagnostic facilities are available through the ICMR-VRDL labs, the government confirmed.
The global surge in HMPV cases has prompted concerns, particularly after an outbreak in China. Experts there have suggested that vaccination could help curb the spread of the virus ahead of the Spring Festival, with vaccines taking around two weeks to become effective.
How HMPV Spreads, Symptoms, and Preventive Measures
Dr. Kuldeep Kumar Grover, Head of Critical Care and Pulmonology at CK Birla Hospital, Gurugram, explained that HMPV spreads through respiratory droplets released when an infected person coughs or sneezes. These droplets can be inhaled by nearby individuals. The virus can also spread through direct contact with infected people or contaminated surfaces like doorknobs or toys.
Preventive measures include washing hands frequently with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand sanitizers, covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing, wearing a mask, and avoiding contact with sick individuals. It is also important to avoid touching the face with unwashed hands.
Vulnerable groups, such as infants, young children, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems, are at higher risk for more severe symptoms like pneumonia or bronchiolitis. Common symptoms include cough, fever, sore throat, runny or stuffy nose, and, in some cases, wheezing or shortness of breath. Treatment typically focuses on symptom relief, including fever reducers and antihistamines.