ISRO’s Spadex Mission to Test Satellite Docking on December 30
The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) is set to conclude the year with the Spadex mission, scheduled for launch at 9:58 pm on December 30 from the Sriharikota spaceport. The mission features two satellites, SDX01 (Chaser) and SDX02 (Target), tasked with demonstrating in-orbit docking capabilities. By showcasing alignment, connection, and power transfer between the satellites, the mission aims to lay the groundwork for future projects, including Chandrayaan-4 and the proposed Bharatiya Antariksh Station.
Mission Objectives and Process
Reports indicate that the Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C60) will deploy the 220-kg satellites into a 470-km circular orbit. Initially, the satellites will separate to a distance of 10–20 km using relative velocity adjustments provided by the launch vehicle. The Target satellite’s propulsion system will maintain this distance to prevent further drift, initiating the “far rendezvous” phase.
The Chaser satellite will then gradually reduce the gap in calculated steps until docking is achieved. Once connected, the satellites will demonstrate power transfer and joint control of their systems. After separation, both satellites will continue to operate their respective payloads, which are designed to function for two years.
Technological Highlights and Payloads
The Spadex mission incorporates cutting-edge technologies, including docking mechanisms and advanced sensors, to ensure precision during the docking process. A relative orbit determination and propagation system, utilizing navigation constellations, is also a key feature of the mission. The Chaser satellite is equipped with a high-resolution miniature surveillance camera, while the Target satellite hosts a multispectral payload for monitoring vegetation and natural resources. Additionally, a radiation monitor aboard the Target satellite will collect and analyze space radiation data.
Additional Experiments
Reports suggest the rocket’s final stage will facilitate experiments involving 24 payloads. These include a robotic arm for capturing space debris and a study on seed germination and plant growth. The mission represents a major milestone in demonstrating small satellite docking—a complex process requiring precise control and coordination.
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